It was mentioned that the South fired the first shot.
Yet the North put warships in a sovereign states territory they also instituted a blockade. A blockade is an act of war as Senator Valandingham pointed out in his speech.
It's akin to someone mugging you with the threat of violence and when you shoot said mugger in self defense, the anti's crying out "you shot first".
Citations?
Construction on Fort Sumter began in 1829 in response to the war of 1812. The constitution only authorizes forts when the land is "purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be" located [Art 1, Sec 8]. No doubt in 1829, the State of South Carolina was more than happy to have the national government pay for the construction of a fort to protect one of the State's most important harbors and cities. Seventy
thousand tons of New England granite was imported to build up a sandbar for the fort.
Then, in 1860, South Carolina simply demands that the federal government abandon the land it had duly purchased and made significant improvements to. On what principle can this action be supported?
It is a bit like selling your neighbor a stretch of land, him putting in a nice driveway, and then you deciding unilaterally you want the land back, with the new driveway, all for free.
It was South Carolina who effected an effective siege of Sumter denying any supplies. The State sank some derelict ships to block the shipping channel. So in late December 1860, (lame duck) President Buchanan sent the
unarmed civilian merchant ship, Star of the West, to provide supplies to the garrison at Sumter in less provocative manner than an armed warship would provoke. North Carolina forces on Morris Island and at Fort Moultrie fired on the Star of the West forcing her to withdraw. Major Anderson, commanding Sumter, chose not to engage.
North Carolina again demanded the abandonment of Fort Sumter in a letter from the governor to President Buchanan on January 31, 1861. So far as I know, no offer to purchase the land back or pay for the fort itself; just a demand to turn over significant national assets to the State.
Through all of this, "The seceding states seized numerous Federal properties within their boundaries, including buildings, arsenals, and fortifications. President James Buchanan protested but took no military action in response. Buchanan was concerned that an overt action could cause the remaining slave states to leave the Union, and while he acknowledged there was no constitutional authority for a state to secede, he could find no constitutional authority for him to act to prevent it."
wiki for convenience.
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efore Lincoln's inauguration on March 4, five states had voted against secession, including Virginia, and Lincoln openly offered to evacuate Fort Sumter if it would guarantee Virginia's loyalty."
Now, "The South sent delegations to Washington, D.C., and offered to pay for the Federal properties and enter into a peace treaty with the United States." Lincoln rejected this as I believe is the right of any land owner to refuse to sell land or other assets he doesn't care to sell.
" On April 6, Lincoln notified Governor Pickens that "an attempt will be made to supply Fort Sumter with provisions only, and that if such attempt be not resisted, no effort to throw in men, arms, or ammunition will be made without further notice, [except] in case of an attack on the fort.""
Jefferson Davis who had to this point opposed an attack on the Fort as being bad PR, decided it should be taken before supplies were delivered.
"Only Secretary of State Robert Toombs opposed this decision: he reportedly told Jefferson Davis the attack "will lose us every friend at the North. You will only strike a hornet's nest. ... Legions now quiet will swarm out and sting us to death. It is unnecessary. It puts us in the wrong. It is fatal.""
Beauregard demanded on April 11 that Anderson surrender the fort. "Anderson refused, although he reportedly commented, "I shall await the first shot, and if you do not batter us to pieces, we shall be starved out in a few days."
Beauregard responded on April 12: "If you will state the time which you will evacuate Fort Sumter, and agree in the meantime that you will not use your guns against us unless ours shall be employed against Fort Sumter, we will abstain from opening fire upon you."
"Maj. Anderson replied that he would evacuate Sumter by noon, April 15, unless he received new orders from his government or additional supplies."
"Col. Chesnut considered this reply to be too conditional and wrote a reply, which he handed to Anderson at 3:20 a.m.: "Sir: by authority of Brigadier General Beauregard, commanding the Provisional Forces of the Confederate States, we have the honor to notify you that he will open fire of his batteries on Fort Sumter in one hour from this time." "
"Anderson escorted the officers back to their boat, shook hands with each one, and said "If we never meet in this world again, God grant that we may meet in the next." "
"At 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Lt. Henry S. Farley, acting upon the command of Capt. George S. James, fired a single 10-inch mortar round from Fort Johnson. (James had offered the first shot to Roger Pryor, a noted Virginia secessionist, who declined, saying, "I could not fire the first gun of the war.")" The battle commenced from there with Anderson eventually surrendering the Fort (but not himself or his men) on April 14th.
Now, I realize this narrative will cause some consternation to those who have convinced themselves that the North "started" the war.
But it is clear that even staunch secessionists of the day considered the first shots of the war to have been fired by the South. Jefferson Davis' own Secretary of State considered it unnecessary and unwise to attack the fort. And looking at the timeline, it is clear that the North's only "provocation" was not turning over property it had constitutionally acquired with the consent of South Carolina and then dramatically improved upon.
The South started the war, and did so from the perspective of South Carolina's secession document virtually entirely for the cause of maintaining legal slavery. Mississippi, likewise cites slavery as its primary concern. Georgia splits between slavery and tariffs that favor the North.
Now, by what right do you believe South Carolina could seize property belonging to another simply because it (SC) no longer wanted an association with the federal government? The offer to purchase came only after assets had been seized and Fort Sumter was under siege. Certainly you cannot claim such conditions create a fair situation for ascertaining value, or even giving the rightful owner the opportunity to decline the sale.
The South had legitimate grievances in the tariffs that favored the North.
But their complaints that fugitive slave laws were not being strictly enforced up North fall solidly into your category of those who claim law creates morality. Holding another as a slave is morally repugnant. Forcing anyone to assist you in holding that man as a slave, or returning him to slavery should he escape, is also morally repugnant. Using force of arms to seize property to enable oneself to maintain the institution of slavery is pretty tough to defend.
So, where does that put us as we look objectively at the history of the start of the War Between the States?
Charles