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Michigan Laws regarding Identifying to Law Enformcement

OC4me

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Jan 14, 2009
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Northwest Kent County, Michigan
Ok, I have been curious about stop and identification issues in Michigan. I have done some research, let me if my conclusion below is wrong:

Michigan is not a Stop & ID state and thus, even if detained or arrested, there is no legal obligation to provide either verbal or paper identification.

Exceptions - operating a motor vehicle and concealed carry (duty to inform).

Is my understanding correct?
 
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Hevymetal

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Clinton Twp
Ok, I have been curious about stop and identification issues in Michigan. I have done some research, let me if my conclusion below is wrong:

Michigan is not a Stop & ID state and thus, even if detained or arrested, there is no legal obligation to provide either verbal or paper identification.

Exceptions - operating a motor vehicle and concealed carry (duty to inform).

Is my understanding correct?

Sounds about right to me. Your drivers license us a contract with the state. Stating you will show it upon request WHEN DRIVING a motor vehicle. If your not driving it's your choice to show it to an officer.

If you CC and an officer discovers this then you must show your CPL. If you OC in a conceal free zone (school, hospital etc.) you would be required to prove you have a CPL to exempt yourself for that particular area.

If you OC in your normal daily activity and you are stopped and asked for ID simply because you a carrying a firearm and you are not in a vehicle nor in a conceal free zone, then there is NO obligation to provide any type of ID. You can say "No thanks, have a nice day.' Then calmly walk in the opposite direction.
 

notalawyer

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Ok, I have been curious about stop and identification issues in Michigan. I have done some research, let me if my conclusion below is wrong:

Michigan is not a Stop & ID state and thus, even if detained or arrested, there is no legal obligation to provide either verbal or paper identification.

Exceptions - operating a motor vehicle and concealed carry (duty to inform).

Is my understanding correct?

I'm pretty positive every state requires one to identify themselves when lawfully detained (RS of criminal activity) or arrested.
 

OC4me

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Northwest Kent County, Michigan
Ok, thanks for the replies...what is the absolute legal minimum verbal 'identification' required? I.e. First & Last only? Middle name too? What about address and other personal tidbits such as birth date? As for address, it seems I heard somewhere that just one's city or township met the legal minimum but I can't recall for sure.

I suspect think this would be a tough one because the answer probably involves case rather than statutory law.
 

davidmcbeth

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Ok, thanks for the replies...what is the absolute legal minimum verbal 'identification' required? I.e. First & Last only? Middle name too? What about address and other personal tidbits such as birth date? As for address, it seems I heard somewhere that just one's city or township met the legal minimum but I can't recall for sure.

I suspect think this would be a tough one because the answer probably involves case rather than statutory law.

Full name, address, and date of birth are generally the 3 required parts of identification....well, unless you're a cop. I always ask these 3 things of any cop during a witness cross examination (basic background questions). I don't get all three mind you ... but its always fun to ask and watch.
 

Fallschirjmäger

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Cumming, Georgia, USA
Hunting also requires ID upon demand.
Is it ID or simply provide a valid license for whatever you may be hunting?
For hunting, driving or carrying concealed it's 'provide a license to prove you are licensed to perform a licensed activity', but everyone seems to get that confused with 'provide a license to prove you are licensed to live'.
 

countryclubjoe

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nj
Sounds about right to me. Your drivers license us a contract with the state. Stating you will show it upon request WHEN DRIVING a motor vehicle. If your not driving it's your choice to show it to an officer.

If you CC and an officer discovers this then you must show your CPL. If you OC in a conceal free zone (school, hospital etc.) you would be required to prove you have a CPL to exempt yourself for that particular area.

If you OC in your normal daily activity and you are stopped and asked for ID simply because you a carrying a firearm and you are not in a vehicle nor in a conceal free zone, then there is NO obligation to provide any type of ID. You can say "No thanks, have a nice day.' Then calmly walk in the opposite direction.

What if you have never contracted with the state for the privilege to drive however you simply exercised your natural RIGHT TO TRAVEL in your automobile/property without a permission slip from the state?

The problem is more and more folks/citizens are entering into contracts with the state and its de facto agency's thereby waiving some of their natural rights for a mere privilege, unbeknown to said citizen that the contract and waiving of rights gives the LEO and the courts jurisdiction over said citizen...

No license is required to exercise a right. Let's wake up and never contract with the G.

My .02
CCJ
 

countryclubjoe

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nj
Wisc. Stats. § 968.24  Temporary questioning without arrest. After having identified himself or herself as a law enforcement officer, a law enforcement officer may stop a person in a public place for a reasonable period of time when the officer reasonably suspects that such person is committing, is about to commit or has committed a crime, and may demand the name and address of the person and an explanation of the person's conduct. Such detention and temporary questioning shall be conducted in the vicinity where the person was stopped.

http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/968/24

Annotations of case law

Suspicious behavior of a driver and passenger justified detention. State v. Goebel, 103 Wis. 2d 203, 307 N.W.2d 915 (1981).

A defendant's flight from a police officer may, using the totality of circumstances test, justify a warrantless investigatory stop. State v. Jackson, 147 Wis. 2d 824, 434 N.W.2d 386 (1989).

Actions suggesting to a reasonable police officer that an individual is attempting to flee is adequately suspicious to support an investigatory stop. State v. Anderson, 155 Wis. 2d 77, 454 N.W.2d 763 (1990).

The Terry rule applies once a person becomes a valid suspect even though the encounter was initially consensual; if circumstances show investigation is not complete, the suspect does not have the right to terminate it. State v. Goyer, 157 Wis. 2d 532, 460 N.W.2d 424 (Ct. App. 1990).

When a person's activity may constitute either a civil forfeiture or crime, an investigative stop may be performed. State v. Krier, 165 Wis. 2d 673, 478 N.W.2d 63 (Ct. App. 1991).

A "showup" where police present a single suspect to a witness for identification, often at or near a crime scene shortly after the crime occurs, is suggestive but not impermissibly suggestive per se. State v. Garner, 207 Wis. 2d 520, 558 N.W.2d 916 (Ct. App. 1996), 96-0168.

Detaining a person at his home, then transporting him about one mile to the scene of an accident in which he was involved, was an investigative stop and a reasonable part of an ongoing accident investigation. State v. Quartana, 213 Wis. 2d 440, 570 N.W.2d 618 (Ct. App. 1997), 97-0695.

That the defendant is detained in a temporary Terry stop does not automatically mean Miranda warnings are not required. Whether the warnings are required depends on whether a reasonable person in the defendant's position would have considered himself or herself to be in custody. State v. Gruen, 218 Wis. 2d 581, 582 N.W.2d 728 (Ct. App. 1998), 96-2588.

This section authorizes officers to demand identification only when a person is suspected of committing a crime, but does not govern the lawfulness of requests for identification in other circumstances. State v. Griffith, 2000 WI 72, 236 Wis. 2d 48, 613 N.W.2d 72, 98-0931.

A police officer performing a Terry stop and requesting identification could perform a limited search for identifying papers when: 1) the information received by the officer was not confirmed by police records; 2) the intrusion on the suspect was minimal; 3) the officer observed that the suspect's pockets were bulging; and 4) the officer had experience with persons who claimed to have no identification when in fact they did. State v. Black, 2000 WI App 175, 238 Wis. 2d 203, 617 N.W.2d 210, 99-1686.

Under Florida v. J.L., an anonymous tip giving rise to reasonable suspicion must bear indicia of reliability. That the tipster's anonymity is placed at risk indicates that the informant is genuinely concerned and not a fallacious prankster. Corroborated aspects of the tip also lend credibility; the corroborated actions of the suspect need be inherently criminal in and of themselves. State v. Williams, 2001 WI 21, 241 Wis. 2d 631, 623 N.W.2d 106, 96-1821.

An anonymous tip regarding erratic driving from another driver calling from a cell phone contained sufficient indicia of reliability to justify an investigative stop when: 1) the informant was exposed to possible identification, and therefore possible arrest if the tip proved false; 2) the tip reported contemporaneous and verifiable observations regarding the driving, location, and vehicle; and 3) the officer verified many of the details in the tip. That the tip reasonably suggested intoxicated driving created an exigency strongly in favor of immediate police investigation without the necessity that the officer personally observe erratic driving. State v. Rutzinski, 2001 WI 22, 241 Wis. 2d 729, 623 N.W.2d 516, 98-3541.

When a caller identifies himself or herself by name, placing his or her anonymity at risk, and the totality of the circumstances establishes a reasonable suspicion that criminal activity may be afoot, the police may execute a lawful investigative stop. Whether the caller gave correct identifying information, or whether the police ultimately could have verified the information, the caller, by providing the information, risked that his or her identity would be discovered and cannot be considered anonymous. State v. Sisk, 2001 WI App 182, 247 Wis. 2d 443, 634 N.W.2d 877, 00-2614.

It was reasonable to conduct a Terry search of a person who knocked on the door of a house while it was being searched for drugs pursuant to a warrant. State v. Kolp, 2002 WI App 17, 250 Wis. 2d 296, 640 N.W.2d 551, 01-0549.

Terry and this section apply to confrontations between the police and citizens in public places only. For private residences and hotels, in the absence of a warrant, the police must have probable cause and exigent circumstances or consent to justify an entry. Reasonable suspicion is not a prerequisite to an officer's seeking consent to enter a private dwelling. State v. Stout, 2002 WI App 41, 250 Wis. 2d 768, 641 N.W.2d 474, 01-0904.

To perform a protective search for weapons, an officer must have reasonable suspicion that a person may be armed and dangerous. A court may consider an officer's belief that his, her, or another's safety is threatened in finding reasonable suspicion, but such a belief is not a prerequisite to a valid search. There is no per se rule justifying a search any time an individual places his or her hands in his or her pockets contrary to police orders. The defendant's hand movements must be considered under the totality of the circumstances of the case. State v. Kyles, 2004 WI 15, 269 Wis. 2d 1, 675 N.W.2d 449, 02-1540.

The principles of Terry permit a state to require a suspect to disclose his or her name in the course of a Terry stop and allow imposing criminal penalties for failing to do so. Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, Humboldt County, 542 U.S. 177, 159 L. Ed 2d 292, 124 S. Ct. 2451 (2004).

When the defendant's refusal to disclose his name was not based on any articulated real and appreciable fear that his name would be used to incriminate him, or that it would furnish a link in the chain of evidence needed to prosecute him, application of a criminal statute requiring disclosure of the person's name when the police officer reasonably suspected the person had committed a crime did not violate the protection against self-incrimination. Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, Humboldt County, 542 U.S. 177, 159 L. Ed 2d 292, 124 S. Ct. 2451 (2004).

Weaving within a single traffic lane does not alone give rise to the reasonable suspicion necessary to conduct an investigative stop of a vehicle. The reasonableness of a stop must be determined based on the totality of the facts and circumstances. State v. Post, 2007 WI 60, 301 Wis. 2d 1, 733 N.W.2d 634, 05-2778.

The potential availability of an innocent explanation does not prohibit an investigative stop. If any reasonable inference of wrongful conduct can be objectively discerned, notwithstanding the existence of other innocent inferences that could be drawn, the officers have the right to temporarily detain the individual for the purpose of inquiry. State v. Limon, 2008 WI App 77, 312 Wis. 2d 174, 751 N.W.2d 877, 07-1578.

When a person who is temporarily detained for investigation pursuant to a Terry stop is then moved to another location, courts conduct a two-part inquiry: First, was the person moved within the vicinity of the stop? Second, was the purpose in moving the person within the vicinity reasonable? Ten miles is too distant a transportation to be within the vicinity so long as the temporary detention is supported by no more than a reasonable suspicion. In order for the transporting of a defendant to a hospital that was not in the vicinity of the stop to have been lawful, it must have been supported by probable cause to arrest or by a reasonable exercise of the community caretaker function. State v. Blatterman, 2015 WI 46, ___ Wis. 2d ___, ___ N.W.2d ___, 13-2107.

Cell Phone Tips of Crime and `Reasonable Suspicion.' Andregg. Wis. Law. June 2005.

NOTE: See also the notes to Article I, section 11, of the Wisconsin Constitution.

http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/constitution/wi/I/11

Since all the case law you posted favors the government entity, I would suggest that a citizen simply exercise their right to remain silent, except to ask for counsel when stopped and detained by a LEO or any agent of the G.
My .02
CCJ
 

Grapeshot

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quote_icon.png
Originally Posted by notalawyer

I'm pretty positive every state requires one to identify themselves when lawfully detained (RS of criminal activity) or arrested.

Not quite so - apparently only 24 states do.
http://www.copblock.org/28042/let-me-see-your-i-d/
--snipped--
That's just regurgitated inaccurate stuff from other sites. For example they all list Florida as a 'Stop & Identify' state, it's not.
No sir, it was a cite demonstrating that "every state" does not require one to ID themselves.

Though I do not attest as to the absolute accuracy of the information, IMO it still stands as sufficient to make the point.......of that I am pretty positive :)
 

OC4me

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Jan 14, 2009
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Northwest Kent County, Michigan
Ok, well before this thread gets too far off track, in Michigan, assuming there is a valid detention/arrest, what is the minimum identification required under either statutory or case law? Full name or first only, first and last only, etc. Full address or just the political subdivision, i.e. city or township? Date of birth? Yep, splitting hairs but I have always been curious!
 

Venator

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Jan 10, 2007
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Lansing area, Michigan, USA
Ok, well before this thread gets too far off track, in Michigan, assuming there is a valid detention/arrest, what is the minimum identification required under either statutory or case law? Full name or first only, first and last only, etc. Full address or just the political subdivision, i.e. city or township? Date of birth? Yep, splitting hairs but I have always been curious!

Simple, if you are engaged in an activity that requires a licence you must produce that license (Driving/hunting/fishing etc.). If you are not doing those things then in Michigan you do NOT have to give ID, or provide a name. You do NOT have to answer any questions.

Keep in mind they MAY arrest and take you in to ID you. But legally they can only do that if they have PC of a crime.
 

OC4me

Regular Member
Joined
Jan 14, 2009
Messages
750
Location
Northwest Kent County, Michigan
Ok, well before this thread gets too far off track, in Michigan, assuming there is a valid detention/arrest, what is the minimum identification required under either statutory or case law? Full name or first only, first and last only, etc. Full address or just the political subdivision, i.e. city or township? Date of birth? Yep, splitting hairs but I have always been curious!

As warned, I'm splitting hairs but here is the actual question [with enhanced clarification], thanks!

"...what is the minimum identification [that must be provided to an LEO if legally] required [pursuant to a lawful detention/arrest]...?

Minimum could be:

1) I'm Joe.
2) I'm Joe Smith.
3) I'm Joseph Douglas Smith, IV.

4) one of the 1st 3 above + and I live in Kent County
5) one of the 1st 3 above + and I live in Courtland Township
6) one of the 1st 3 above + and my street address is .....

7) one of the 6 above + my date of birth is ....
8) one of the 7 above + my social security number is ....
 
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